Internal combustion engine



Feb. 22, 1944. F. MoRGENsTERN 'INTERNAL cor'ususTIoNv` VENGINE `5 sheets-sheet 1 i Fi'ledJune 7, 1941 rfa;

'i TMve/wo?? I I Feb. 22, 1944.

F'. MORGENSTERN INTERNAL COMBUSTON ENGINE Filed June '7, 1941 .v y5y Sheets-Sheet 2 JUWEL/me? Feb. 22, 1944.

F.' MORGENSTERN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed June '7'. 19.41

llllll Il I .Illu-HU 5 sheets-sheet 5 Patented Feb. 22, 1944 UNITED STATES 'garant OFFICE INTERNAL COWIBUSTION ENGINE Felix Morgenstern, Tel Aviv, Palestine Application June 7, 1941, Serial No. 397,028 In Palestine December 24, 1940 (ci. 12e-ii) 4 Claims.

The present invention relates tov internal combustion engines, wherein the usual reciprocating movement of a piston in a cylinder is replaced by the movement of rotary bodies. It is the aim of this invention to simplify the construction and operation of engines of this type.

The principle of the invention resides in the arrangement of two bodies rotatively mounted on a fixed axle, forming between them a chamber of periodically increasing and decreasing volume, in which chamber the four stroke cycle is performed. Both bodies revolve in the same direction but with alternately increasing and decreasing speeds, so that while one body moves with low speed, the other one moves with higher speed. More particularly, if one body is called the front one and the other the rear one, it can be said that during the explosion and combustion, the rear body moves with minimum speed, while the front one revolves with much higher speed. Compared with the usual movement of piston in cylinder, therear body would represent the bottom of the cylinder, while the front one is the piston. During compression the contrary occurs, the front body moves with low and the rear one with high speed. This sequence of operations is attained by providing each of the bodies with any of the known gears adapted to convert a periodical not-uniform movement into a uniform, rotary movement, for example by means of oval toothed wheels. In this case, the periodically varying movements of the bodies are transmitted by such gears to a shaft vcarrying a flywheel and rotating with a uniformspeed, fromv which shaft the .driving energy is derived. The two rotatable bodies are enclosed in a casing` having inlet and outlet ports for the intake of the combustible and the exhaust of the gases. These ports cooperate with corresponding ports provided in' the rotatable bodies to enable the performance of the four stroke cycle. The rotatable bodiesrthemselves may consist of cylindrical cups inserted one into the other, with the open side of the inner cylinder facing the bottom of the outer cylinder. In the interior of both cylinders are provided one or more radial abutments or vanes in such a manner that in the outer cylinder these abutments or vanes are fixed to its central bearing, while in the inner cylinder f they are attached vto the circumferential wall.

These abutments form together with the cylinder wall and the bottoms of the cylinders, chambers which have the shape of a sector of a cylindrical body. Y Thus in the new construction no reciprocating parts, nor any controlling valves are present.

The invention is illustratedv in the annexed drawings by way of example in a diagrammatical manner: f Fig'. 1f shows af'vertical cross section of the engine with meshing oval gears indicated in dotted lines.

Fig.l2 shows a engine. v

Figs. 3 to 8 illustrate in cross sections different positions of the rotatable bodies in the enclosing casing, during the successive periods of the cycle.

Fig. 9 illustrates in a vertical axial section an embodiment of the engine provided with a different gear for transforming the ununiform rotation of the bodies into a uniform rotary movement of a shaft, the casing of the engine being removed.

Fig. l0 is a diagrammatic elevational view of the alternative gear.

Figs. 11 and .l2 are an end and a front view of the whole engine, shown in sections in Figs. l and 2. k

In the embodiment shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 9 the engine is double acting. Two bodies I, 2

vertical axial section of y this vrotate in a housing 4 on a common axle 3, fixedly t mounted in plate bearings 4 screwed to the housing 4. Within these bodies two combustion chambers 5, 6 are formed, so that during each revolution two impulses are given, by the means hereinafterdescribed, to the engine shaft 'l rotatably journalled in plate bearings 4 and carrying flyk and belt wheels 1', 1".

' Since the operation in both .chambers is analogical, the description of the operation in one of the chambers will suffice. The cylindrical bodies l, 2 have the form of cups. Cylinder 2 has a smaller diameter' than cylinder I, so that it can be inserted intovthe latter. It is inserted into the outer cylinderwith its open side facing the bottom of the outer cylinder and both are journalled on the axle 3 by means ofr ball bearings or otherwise. Cup 2 has a hub 8 partly surrounding the axle 3. Cup'l has a hub'S partly surrounding the hub 8. From the hub v9 and the bottom of cup l project into space between the two cups the abutments or wings l0 and from the cylindrical wall and bottom of cup 2 project intoy this space the abutments or wings Il. Between the wings liland Il are formed the combustion chambers 5 and 6. l

The bodies or cups l, 2 rotateA within the housing 4. This housing has exhaust ports i3 and intake ports I4 while the bodies l, 2 have ports l5, I6' respectively which during the rotation of the bodies come into register with the said intake and exhaust'norts.

Integral with or attached to the outer sides of the bottomsV of the cups I and 2 are. oval toothed gears l1, I8 meshing with like gears I9, 20' respectively which are' keyed to thel shaft l' in such a position that their major and minor axis include an angle of The gears Il, t8 must `there-fore assume and retain' a likeangular position. ontheaX-le 3.` Eaclro these: oval gears rotates about an axis passing through the point of intersection of the major and minor axis of the oval. Owing to this arrangement the two cylindrical cups will alternately rotate with increasing and decreasing speeds causing the space of the combustion chambers 5, 6 to alternately diminish and enlarge. After each 90 of rotation the conditions are reversed.

The operation of the engine is apparent from the Figures 3 to 8. Assuming Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 to correspond to a O-position of the shaft I and the bodies I and 2 rotating in clockwise direction, the exhaust of the combustion gases is just going on. After the shaft 'I has turned for 45, the parts have come into the position shown in Fig. 4, according to which the exhaust period is finished and the intake period is beginning, which lasts for 90. The intake period is thus at end after 135 of rotation of the shaft 1, when the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 5. The chamber 5 is now completely closed and compression of the sucked in combustible mixture is going on until the shaft 'I has turned for 225 when the electric ignition by means of a spark plug 2I is effected and the explosion period initiated (see Fig. '7). This lasts until shaft 'I has turned for 315, when the parts have the position indicated in Fig. 8 and exhaust port I3 is uncovered. The described operation now re peats.

Figs. 9 and 10 illustrate the engine in a vertical axial section and a vertical cross section on the line --x of Fig. 9 respectively, the engine being equipped with a different gear for transform.. ing the not uniform rotation of the cups I, 2 into a uniform rotation of the shaft carrying the iiywheel (not shown). Here, to the cups I and 2 are fastened spur wheels 2|, 22 of equal diameters respectively which transmit their movements to the wheels 23, 24 by means of intermediate pinions 25, 25. The wheels 23, 24 rotate freely on the shaft 3 and are circumferentially and internally toothed. The pinions 25, 25 are rotatably arranged on pins 26, 26 forming the ends of levers 21 adapted to rock on the axle 3. The outer teeth of the wheels 23, 24 are in mesh with Wheels 2B, 29 fixed to the shaft carrying the iiywheel. They mesh also with toothed wheels 3U of half the diameter of wheels 23, 24 and journalled in brackets 3I fixed to the plate bearings 4I. Pins 25 are connected by rods 32 to pins 33 excentrically arranged on the wheels 30.

The wheels 28, 29 and 23, 24 rotate with constant speed. But this constant speed is not transmitted to the wheels 2I, 22 because the pinions 25, 25' advance and retreat owing to the rocking movement being imparted to the levers 21 by the wheels 3U. Thus the speed of rotation of the wheels 2I, 22 or of the cups I and 2 is accelerated or retarded, thus allowing the expansion or diminution of the combustion chamber 5.

The working parts of the engine may be duplicated and so arranged as to impart to the shaft 'I during each revolution four impulses or during each quarter of a revolution one impulse.

The drawings being diagrammatical ones do not show all parts associated to internal combustion engines, but these parts do not depart essentially fro-m what is known and need not be described o1' shown.

I claim:

' 1. In an internal combustion engine, a cylindrical casing, a stationary central axle within the casing, two constructional bodies rotatable within the casing on the axle in the same direction and relatively to each other, a chamber formed between the bodies and the casing periodically increasing and decreasing in volume owing to the relative movement of the bodies, openings in the bodies, intake and exhaust ports in the casing, the chamber communicating through the openings with the said ports during the rotation of the bodies past the ports, and a rotatively journalled shaft carrying a ny wheel and connected by transmission gears with the bodies rotatable on the axle, the whole being arranged foi` the performance therein of the four stroke cycle of the engine.

2. In an internal combustion engine, a cylin drical casing, a stationary central axle within the casing, two constructional bodies rotatable within the casing on the axle in the same direction and relatively to each other, two chambers formed between the bodies and the casing periodically increasing and decreasing in volume owing to the relative movement of the bodies, openings in the bodies, intake and exhaust ports in the casing, the chambers communicating through the openings with the said ports during the rotation of the bodies past the ports, and a rotatively journalled shaft outside the casing carrying a iywheel and connected by transmission gears with the bodies rotatable on the axle, the whole being arranged for the performance thereof of the four stroke cycle of a double acting engine.

3. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinu drical casing, a stationary central axle within the casing, two cylindrical cups inserted into each other with the open sides of one cup facing the bottom of the other cup and rotatable within the casing on the axle in the same direction ano relatively to each other, radial extensions on and inside the cups, a chamber formed between the extensions and the walls of the cups and the casing of a periodically increasing and decreas ing volume owing to the relative movement of the cups, openings in the cylindrical walls of the cups, intake and exhaust ports in the casing, the chamber communicating through the openings with the said ports during the rotation of the cups past the ports, and a rotatively journalled shaft outside the cylindrical casing carrying a iiy wheel and connected by transmission gears with the cups rotatable on the axle, the whole being arranged for` the performance of the four stroke cycle of the engine.

4. In an internal combustion engine, a cylindrical casing, a stationary central axle within the casing, two constructional bodies rotatable within the casing on the axle in the same direction and relatively to each other, a chamber formed between the bodies and the casing of periodically increasing and decreasing volume owing to the relative movement of the bodies, openings in the bodies, intake and exhaust ports in the casing, the chamber communicating through the openings with the said ports during the rotation of the bodies past the ports, a rotatively journalled shaft outside the cylindrical casing carrying a iiywheel, oval toothed wheels rotating with the bodies, and like wheels rotating with the shaft and engaging into the wheels of the bodies, the wheels of the bodies being turned against each other for the whole being arranged for the performance therein of the four stroke cycle of the engine.

FELIX MORGENSTERN. 

